VB3 How to Get Window Handle Without Specifying Exact Title

- Standard and Professional Editions of Microsoft Visual Basic for

  Windows Programming Systems, versions 2.0 and 3.0

SUMMARY

The Visual Basic AppActivate command can only activate a window if you know the exact window title. Similarly, the Windows FindWindow function can only find a window handle if you know the exact window title.

This article demonstrates how to search for a window that has a title that is like the title you specify -- but not an exact match. The sample code searches through the available windows, comparing the window titles to a pattern by using the Visual Basic Like operator. You can also use the sample code to find a window based on its class name or ID. This can be extremely helpful when you need to send keystrokes to other Applications.

MORE INFORMATION

FindWindowLike Function

The sample code provides a find window function named FindWindowLike. FindWindowLike does a recursive search for windows matching the description you give it. After completing the search, FindWindow returns the number of windows it found that match your description. It also returns then window handles in an array that you pass to it. Once you have a window handle, you can call many Windows API functions to manipulate it. For example, you could set the focus to it, or move it. The example in this article shows how to set the focus.

Parameters Passed to FindWindowLike Function

The FindWindowLike function searches for windows based on the four parameters you pass it:

• The hWndStart parameter specifies the handle of the window you want to search under. For example, if you gave the handle to a Visual Basic form, FindWindowLike would search through all the controls on that form. If you pass 0 for hWndStart, FindWindowLike searches through all available windows.
• The WindowText parameter specifies the pattern used to compare window text. The Title property of a Visual Basic Form is the same as the window text. The pattern is any string following the guidelines for the Visual Basic Like operator.
• The ClassName parameter specifies a pattern used to compare a window class name. A window's class name identifies the type of window. You can find out a window's class name by using the utility SPY.EXE that comes with Microsoft Visual C/C++, or you can use the example given in the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

  ARTICLE-ID: Q112649

     TITLE     : How to Get a Window's Class Name and Other Attributes
  
     FindWindowLike uses the Visual Basic Like operator to when comparing
     class names.
  
  

• The ID parameter specifies a specific child ID. This parameter is very useful for finding specific controls in a window. A window's ID can also be found by using SPY.EXE or the technique described in the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

  ARTICLE-ID: Q112649

     TITLE     : How to Get a Window's Class Name and Other Attributes
  
     The ID parameter can be a decimal number or a hexadecimal string. If you
     use a hexadecimal string, prefix the hexadecimal number with &H. If you
     don't want to search for a specific ID, specify Null for the ID
     parameter.
  
  

FindWindowLike Examples and Their Results

Here are several example calls to FindWindowLike and the results it should return:

1. r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), 0, "*", "*", Null)

   Returns: All the available windows.

2. r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), 0, "*Excel*", "*", Null)

   Returns: All the windows with "Excel" in the window text.

3. r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), 0, "Microsoft Excel*", "XLMAIN", Null)

   Returns: All the windows having window text that begins with "Microsoft Excel" and that contains class name "XLMAIN"

4. r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), Form1.Hwnd, "*", "*", "&HA1")

   Returns: The child window of the Form1 window that has an ID of hexadecimal A1.

5. r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), Form1.Hwnd, "*", "*", 2)

   Returns: The child window of the Form1 window that has an ID of 2.

Uses for FindWindowLike

The FindWindowLike function can be especially powerful when used in a series of searches. For example, you can search once to find an open instance of the PIF Editor that comes with Microsoft Windows. Then once you have the handle to the PIF Editor window, you can search again for a specific control's window handle by using the PIF Editor's window handle and the ID of the control's window. Here is an example:

   r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), 0, "PIF Editor*", "Pif", Null)
   ' Assuming the previous returned at least one handle
   r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), hWnds(1), "*", "*", 103)

The Sample Code

The sample code listed in the example below uses several Windows API functions to accomplish what was described above. Here are the key ones including descriptions of their uses:

• GetDeskTopWindow gets the handle to the DeskTop window when 0 (zero) is passed as the hWndStart, so you can use it as a starting point for the recursive search.
• GetWindow gets a window handle based on a relationship to another window handle, so you can use it to get child windows and their siblings.
• GetWindowText gets the text of a window for comparison to the passed WindowText.
• GetClassName gets a window's class name, which you can compare to the passed ClassName.
• GetWindowWord gets information about a window. The sample code uses it to get the ID number of a window for comparison with the passed ID.

Step-by-Step Example

1. Start a new Visual Basic project. Form1 is created by default.

2. Add three Text boxes (Text1, Text2, and Text3) to Form1.

3. Put the following code in the Form1 click event:

      Sub Form_Click ()
         ' Used to return window handles.
         Static hWnds() As Integer
         ' Find window with title "Form1":
         r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), 0, "Form1", "*", Null)
         If r = 1 Then
            Print "Found "; Hex(hWnds(1))
            ' Find a child window of "Form1" with ID=2:
            ' Notice that the handle from the first search is used.
            r = FindWindowLike(hWnds(), hWnds(1), "*", "*", "&H2")
            If r = 1 Then
               Print "Found child "; Hex(hWnds(1))
               Print "Setting focus to child ..."
               ' Set the focus to the child window with ID=2:
               r = SetFocusAPI(hWnds(1))
            ElseIf r > 1 Then
               ' This should not happen.
               Print "Found more than one child ID=2"
            Else
               Print "Did not find child ID=2"
            End If
         ElseIf r > 1 Then
            Print "Found "; r; " Windows"
         End If
      End Sub
   
   

4. Add a new module to the project.

5. Put the following code in the new module:

   Option Explicit

      ' The following Declares and constants were taken from WIN30API.TXT
      ' that ships with the Visual Basic Professional Edition.
      ' Enter each of the following Declare statements on one, single line:
      Declare Function SetFocusAPI Lib "User" Alias "SetFocus"
         (ByVal hwnd As Integer) As Integer
      Declare Function GetDeskTopWindow Lib "User" () As Integer
      Declare Function GetWindow Lib "User" (ByVal hwnd As Integer,
         ByVal wCmd As Integer) As Integer
      Declare Function GetWindowText Lib "User" (ByVal hwnd As Integer,
         ByVal lpString As String, ByVal aint As Integer) As Integer
      Declare Function GetClassName Lib "User" (ByVal hwnd As Integer,
         ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Integer) As Integer
      Declare Function GetParent Lib "User" (ByVal hwnd As Integer) As Integer
      Declare Function GetWindowWord Lib "User" (ByVal hwnd As Integer,
         ByVal nIndex As Integer) As Integer
   
      Global Const GW_HWNDNEXT = 2
      Global Const GW_CHILD = 5
      Global Const GWW_ID = (-12)
   
      '-----------------------------------------------------------------------
   
      'FindWindowLike
      ' - Finds the window handles of the windows matching the specified
      '   parameters
      '
      'hwndArray()
      ' - An integer array used to return the window handles
      '
      'hWndStart
      ' - The handle of the window to search under.
      ' - The routine searches through all of this window's children and their
      '   children recursively.
      ' - If hWndStart = 0 then the routine searches through all windows.
      '
      'WindowText
      ' - The pattern used with the Like operator to compare window's text.
      '
      'ClassName
      ' - The pattern used with the Like operator to compare window's class
      '   name.
      '
      'ID
      ' - A child ID number used to identify a window.
      ' - Can be a decimal number or a hex string.
      ' - Prefix hex strings with "&H" or an error will occur.
      ' - To ignore the ID pass the Visual Basic Null function.
      '
      'Returns
      ' - The number of windows that matched the parameters.
      ' - Also returns the window handles in hWndArray()
      '
      '----------------------------------------------------------------------
      ' Enter the following two lines as one, single line:
      Function FindWindowLike (hWndArray() As Integer, ByVal hWndStart As
         Integer, WindowText As String, Classname As String, ID) As Integer
      Dim hwnd As Integer
      Dim sWindowText As String
      Dim sClassname As String
      Dim sID
      Dim r As Integer
      ' Hold the level of recursion:
      Static level As Integer
      ' Hold the number of matching windows:
      Static iFound As Integer
   
      ' Initialize if necessary:
      If level = 0 Then
         iFound = 0
         ReDim hWndArray(0 To 0)
         If hWndStart = 0 Then hWndStart = GetDeskTopWindow()
      End If
   
      ' Increase recursion counter:
      level = level + 1
   
      ' Get first child window:
      hwnd = GetWindow(hWndStart, GW_CHILD)
   
      Do Until hwnd = 0
         DoEvents ' Not necessary
         ' Search children by recursion:
         r = FindWindowLike(hWndArray(), hwnd, WindowText, Classname, ID)
   
         ' Get the window text and class name:
         sWindowText = Space(255)
         r = GetWindowText(hwnd, sWindowText, 255)
         sWindowText = Left(sWindowText, r)
         sClassname = Space(255)
         r = GetClassName(hwnd, sClassname, 255)
         sClassname = Left(sClassname, r)
   
         ' If window is a child get the ID:
         If GetParent(hwnd) <> 0 Then
            r = GetWindowWord(hwnd, GWW_ID)
            sID = CLng("&H" & Hex(r))
         Else
            sID = Null
         End If
   
         ' Check that window matches the search parameters:
         If sWindowText Like WindowText And sClassname Like Classname Then
            If IsNull(ID) Then
               ' If find a match, increment counter and add handle to array:
               iFound = iFound + 1
               ReDim Preserve hWndArray(0 To iFound)
               hWndArray(iFound) = hwnd
            ElseIf Not IsNull(sID) Then
               If sID = CLng(ID) Then
                  ' If find a match increment counter and add handle to array:
                  iFound = iFound + 1
                  ReDim Preserve hWndArray(0 To iFound)
                  hWndArray(iFound) = hwnd
               End If
            End If
         End If
   
         ' Get next child window:
         hwnd = GetWindow(hwnd, GW_HWNDNEXT)
      Loop
   
      ' Decrement recursion counter:
      level = level - 1
   
      ' Return the number of windows found:
      FindWindowLike = iFound
      End Function
   
   

6. Save the Project.

7. Run the code, and click the form.

If you set the focus to one of your controls before clicking the Form, you should see the focus shift, always to the same control, when you click the form.

REFERENCES

Microsoft Knowledge Base articles Q72918, Q78001, and Q112649

The Windows SDK Help file that shipped with the Professional Editions of Microsoft Visual Basic versions 2.O and 3.0 for Windows.

"Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit: Programmer's Reference"

"Programming Windows 3.1: The Microsoft Guide to Writing Applications for Windows 3.1," Charles Petzold, Microsoft Press, 1992

"Visual Basic Programmer's Guide to the Windows API," Daniel Appleman, Ziff-Davis Press, 1993