The WideCharToMultiByte function maps a wide-character string to a new character string. The new character string is not necessarily from a multibyte character set.
int WideCharToMultiByte(
| UINT CodePage, | // code page |
| DWORD dwFlags, | // performance and mapping flags |
| LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr, | // address of wide-character string |
| int cchWideChar, | // number of characters in string |
| LPSTR lpMultiByteStr, | // address of buffer for new string |
| int cchMultiByte, | // size of buffer |
| LPCSTR lpDefaultChar, | // address of default for unmappable characters |
| LPBOOL lpUsedDefaultChar | // address of flag set when default char. used |
| ); |
Parameters
CodePage
Specifies the code page used to perform the conversion. This parameter can be given the value of any codepage that is installed or available in the system. The following values may be used to specify one of the system default code pages:
| Value | Meaning |
| CP_ACP | ANSI code page |
| CP_MACCP | Macintosh code page |
| CP_OEMCP | OEM code page |
dwFlags
A set of bit flags that specify the handling of unmapped characters. The function performs more quickly when none of these flags is set. The following flag constants are defined:
| Value | Meaning |
| WC_COMPOSITECHECK | Convert composite characters to precomposed characters. |
| WC_DISCARDNS | Discard nonspacing characters during conversion. |
| WC_SEPCHARS | Generate separate characters during conversion. This is the default conversion behavior. |
| WC_DEFAULTCHAR | Replace exceptions with the default character during conversion. |
When WC_COMPOSITECHECK is specified, the function converts composite characters to precomposed characters. A composite character consists of a base character and a nonspacing character, each having different character values. A precomposed character has a single character value for a base/nonspacing character combination. In the character è, the e is the base character, and the accent grave mark is the nonspacing character.
When an application specifies WC_COMPOSITECHECK, it can use the last 3 flags in this list (WC_DISCARDNS, WC_SEPCHARS, and WC_DEFAULTCHAR) to customize the conversion to precomposed characters. These flags determine the function's behavior when there is no precomposed mapping for a base/nonspace character combination in a wide-character string. These last 3 flags can only be used if the WC_COMPOSITECHECK flag is set.
The function's default behavior is to generate separate characters (WC_SEPCHARS) for unmapped composite characters.
lpWideCharStr
Points to the wide-character string to be converted.
cchWideChar
Specifies the number of characters in the string pointed to by the lpWideCharStr parameter. If this value is -1, the string is assumed to be null-terminated and the length is calculated automatically.
lpMultiByteStr
Points to the buffer to receive the translated string.
cchMultiByte
Specifies the size in characters of the buffer pointed to by the lpMultiByteStr parameter. If this value is zero, the function returns the number of bytes required for the buffer. (In this case, the lpMultiByteStr buffer is not used.)
lpDefaultChar
Points to the character used if a wide character cannot be represented in the specified code page. If this parameter is NULL, a system default value is used. The function is faster when both lpDefaultChar and lpUsedDefaultChar are NULL.
lpUsedDefaultChar
Points to a flag that indicates whether a default character was used. The flag is set to TRUE if one or more wide characters in the source string cannot be represented in the specified code page. Otherwise, the flag is set to FALSE. This parameter may be NULL. The function is faster when both lpDefaultChar and lpUsedDefaultChar are NULL.
Return Values
If the function succeeds, and cchMultiByte is nonzero, the return value is the number of bytes written to the buffer pointed to by lpMultiByteStr.
If the function succeeds, and cchMultiByte is zero, the return value is the required size, in bytes, for a buffer that can receive the translated string.
If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. GetLastError may return one of the following error codes:
ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER
ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS
ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Remarks
The lpMultiByteStr and lpWideCharStr pointers must not be the same. If they are the same, the function fails, and GetLastError returns ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER.
An application can use the lpDefaultChar parameter to change the default character used for the conversion.
As noted earlier, the WideCharToMultiByte function operates most efficiently when both lpDefaultChar and lpUsedDefaultChar are NULL. The following table shows the behavior of WideCharToMultiByte for the four combinations of lpDefaultChar and lpUsedDefaultChar :
| lpDefaultChar | lpUsedDefaultChar | Result |
| NULL | NULL | No default checking. This is the most efficient, quick way to use this function. |
| non-NULL | NULL | Uses the specified default character, but does not set lpUsedDefaultChar. |
| NULL | non-NULL | Uses the system default character and sets lpUsedDefaultChar if necessary. |
| non-NULL | non-NULL | Uses the specified default character and sets lpUsedDefaultChar if necessary. |
See Also