Mapping is a way of increasing the complexity of a material.
Mapping uses various levels of map settings and properties. The hierarchy for maps are as follows:
Map channels add the realism of texture to a material.
You can select texture or procedural maps within each map channel (Diffuse, Reflection, Opacity, and Bump) to increase the complexity of a material.
Map properties can be modified to create complex patterns by changing the map settings.
After you attach a material with texture, you can adjust the orientation of the texture map on objects or faces.